RUDOLF CARNAP (1891-1970) - Der logische Aufbau der Welt
The Logical Structure of the World
Essentially, in this book, Rudolf Carnap explains that all knowledge must be built upon logic and objective evidence, rather than merely relying on preferences or personal opinions.
This assertion is crucial, and we indeed need to lay the foundation of objective reasoning with the concept of reasoning by formulation (the module of truth).
However, how this is applied seems to be not yet fully understood in more detailed terms. It is this lack of understanding that has led to the accumulation of much philosophical debate in that era.
META REASONING - Formulation
How to reason META-wise❓
First, try to understand the comparison between classical logic and META logic (reasoning through cause and effect). Or complete lists here
Without grasping this, it will be difficult to initiate the following understanding.
Let's try with the following first. Perhaps you will understand this well.
Module of Truth
Just as there is the "Pythagorean theorem" in mathematics and the "speed formula" in physics, so too in philosophy, there must be its own formula, called the "axiomatic module."
✅ Without the module of truth, physics becomes non-objective. Similarly, philosophy without the module of truth becomes subjective. It becomes elusive to thought and challenging to communicate among truths.
Purpose of the Module of Truth
✅ To avoid falling into the trap of "seeking justifications."
❇️ Therefore, it is imperative for philosophy to adopt a new paradigm to attain high objectivity, that is, it must be formulatable.
REASONING MODULE - Dissecting
Imagine there's a premise or statement
Then, break the sentence into several words following the truth module.
Example:
📎 "He acted wrongly, thus violating the limits of truth."
Break the sentence according to the ESTABLISHED MODULE (formula).
Just as there is a formula for circles in mathematics and gravity in physics, there is a formula for truth. What does the formula look like?
🧩 Truth
- 〰 As It Is
- 〰 Possibility
- 〰 True + False
🧩 True
- 〰 According to Priority
🧩 False
- 〰 Not According to Priority
🧩 Violating Limits
- 〰 Exceeding Potential
🧩 He, You, They, We
- 〰 The Existing
🧩 Exist
- 〰 Limiting Our Perception
📎 DISSECT. "He acted wrongly, thus violating the limits of truth," is dissected according to the formula into
- 👉 "Exist" + "False" + "Violating Limits" + "Truth"
CONVERSION. "Exist" + "False" + "Violating Limits" + "Truth" is converted into...
- 👉 "Limiting Our Perception" + "Not According to Priority" + "Exceeding Potential" + "As It Is"
MODULAR REASONING - Tracing
📎 "He + behaves improperly + thus + violates the limits + of truth"
CONVERSION. "HE ("That Which Restricts Our Perception") + IMPROPER ("Not in Line with Priorities") + VIOLATES LIMITS ("Goes Beyond Potential") + TRUTH ("What Is - Possibility")
Once the statement is broken down into modules and its formula becomes apparent (through the conversion process), the meaning of a sentence becomes clearer.
Understanding
That...
📎 "He + behaves improperly + thus + violates the limits + of truth"
BECOMES EASIER TO UNDERSTAND ITS DIRECTION
- 👉 "something" + "because it's not in line with priorities" + thus it violates the established boundaries as per priorities + and it is possible (could happen)
Furthermore, as the understanding becomes clearer, it becomes easier to trace the cause-effect relationships to detect where the anomalies lie.
MODULAR REASONING - Process
So, a sentence is divided into word modules, whose boundaries follow the formulation of axiomatic modules, and each word fragment is transformed into the formulation format of axiomatic modules for easy understanding
Another simple example.
- 📎 "the emptiness the sign of no hope"
The formula of NECESSITY (axiomatic module) that is found (involved):
- 🧩 Emptiness + 🧩 No + 🧩 Hope
This means it involves 3 modules:
- 📎 "emptiness + the sign of no + hope"
Let's find the characteristics of the modules...
🧩 (Em)ptiness
- 〰 (Ex)istence
🧩 No
- 〰 Unnoticed
🧩 Hope
- 〰 Preference
- 〰 Desire
- 〰 Need
- 〰 Necessity
THUS 📎 "the emptiness of the sign of no hope" can be understood in the direction of becoming...
- 📎 "the existence of the unnoticed preference, desire, need, or necessity"
✅ Look at how what was once ambiguous 📎 "the emptiness of the sign of no hope" unclear, now becomes something clear and more concrete - objective
